Carbon Accounting Frameworks in the EU and Germany

High-quality accounting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is pivotal to achieving net-zero emissions targets. In recent years, the proliferation of carbon accounting frameworks has created opportunities and challenges for businesses, regulators, and stakeholders. The report provides a comprehensive overview of these carbon accounting frameworks in the EU and Germany, offering insights into their characteristics, applications, and opportunities for improvement. It explores principles for balancing accuracy and implementation effort, addresses the financial regulation of emission allowances, and discusses fraud prevention measures. In addition, case studies in the steel and cement sectors are given as practical examples. The report aims to inform the ongoing development of China’s carbon accounting frameworks and standards.